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Battle of Bordeaux (1653)
The Battle of Bordeaux was a naval engagement of the Franco-Spanish War of 1635 fought on 20 October 1653 in the Gironde estuary. A Spanish fleet under Álvaro de Bazán, 3rd Marquis of Santa Cruz, sent to relieve Bordeaux, at that time held by the nobles rose up against Louis XIV during the Fronde, encountered a great concentration of French warships belonging to Duke of Vendome's army in the channel of Blaye and captured or destroyed most of it. Shortly after a landing was made by some 1,600 soldiers of the Spanish Tercios which sacked the village of Montagne-sur-Gironde.〔 A similar attempt in the Island of Ré was rejected,〔Michaud p. 612〕 so Santa Cruz, having accomplished his orders, returned to Spain.
== Background ==
In 1650, during the Fronde, King Philip IV of Spain allied with the Duchess of Longueville and Vicomte de Turenne, offering them warships, soldiers and money to fight his enemy Louis XIV of France.〔Fernández Duro p. 5〕 Most of the Spanish fleet, however, was occupied in the blockade of Barcelona,〔Valladares p. 129〕 and only 3 frigates commanded by José de Osorio could be destined to Girdonde estuary (although they were later reinforced by at least 8 galleons under Baron of Vatteville).〔Fernández Duro p. 6〕 Archduke Leopold Wilhem succeeded in attrack the French fleet to Dunkirk and defeat it with great loss,〔Fernández Duro p. 7〕 while the Grand Admiral Duke of Vendôme captured the fortress of Bourg-sur-Gironde to the Spanish on 4 July 1653, investing Bordeaux shortly after.〔Israel p. 131〕
King Philip IV ordered then a fleet composed of 8 galleons, 8 fireships and all the frigates and pinnaces available to sail with urgency to relieve Bordeaux from the port of Pasaia.〔 In addition, Marquis of Santa Cruz and Admiral Manuel de Buñuelos were urged to sail from Cádiz in command of the Armada del Mar Océano with the same purpose.〔 Despite all the efforts, when the Spanish fleet arrived, Bordeaux, lack of supplies, had capitulated to the French Royal Army. Santa Cruz was, however, ordered then attack the French fleet of the Grand Admiral Duke of Vendôme.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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